Adaptor for magnetic stripe card reader

ABSTRACT

An adaptor allows a magnetic stripe card reader to receive information from other media such as wireless proximity chip cards while maintaining the ability to receive a magnetic stripe card. In accordance with one embodiment, the adaptor includes a simulacrum structure of sufficiently narrow width to fit substantially permanently within the slot of the magnetic stripe reading device, while providing sufficient room for a magnetic stripe card to also be concurrently accommodated within the slot and read by the reader head. The simulacrum structure may be in electronic communication with one or more transceivers of wireless communications such as RF and IR.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] The instant nonprovisional patent application is acontinuation-in-part of U.S. nonprovisional patent application Ser. No.10/306,618, filed Nov. 27, 2002. The instant nonprovisional patentapplication also claims priority from the following provisional patentapplications, which are hereby incorporated by reference for allpurposes: U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/343,874, filed Dec.26, 2001, U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/345,985, filed Dec.31, 2001, U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/382,280 filed May,20, 2002, and U.S. provisional patent application No. 60/411,536 filedSep. 17, 2002.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The concept of magnetic stripe credit cards was generallyembraced by merchants and consumers when standards were adopted by theindustry in the 1970's. The International Airline Transport Association(IATA) and the American Banking Association (ABA) defined the standardsfor magnetic domain encoding for tracks 1 and 2, respectively, ofmagnetic stripe cards. A third track of magnetic stripe cards is stillused by some organizations such as ATM machines for read and writefunctions, and utilizes unique organization encoding schemes. TheInternational Standards Organization (ISO/IEC 7811) establishedstandards for the architectural design and acceptable materialscomposition of magnetic stripe cards.

[0003] Electronic/computer “RF proximity chip cards” introduced in thelate 1980s were originally used for applications such as inventorycontrol. ISO standards 15693 and 14443, sub type A and B, typicallydefine such characteristics of RF proximity chip cards that includeoperational frequencies, electromagnetic coupling distance, and dataintegrity. These RF proximity chip cards have now increased inpopularity for use with employee access to secure areas such as officebuildings. The RF proximity chip cards typically receive power foron-card electronic functions via an induced electromagnetic field heldwithin about 10 cm of the communications transceiver. Data is typicallytransferred to the on-card chip via electromagnetic sub-carriers andswitching of the electromagnetic field.

[0004] The integrated circuits resident within these RF proximity chipcards have continued to improve with low power and the addition ofcryptographical functions that now meet government “strong” encryptionstandards (DES, RSA, etc.) as standardized by Europay Mastercard andVisa (EMV) cryptographic and tamper-proof standards for crytoprocessorchips. As a result, the RF proximity chip cards are slowly replacing themagnetic stripe card for use in financial transactions, primarily due tothe security of the magnetic stripe user data and the ability of the POScard acceptance system to “interrogate” the RF proximity chip card. Thelower fraudulent transactions associated with such a smart card resultsin lower risk, and lower fees for the consumer and merchant.

[0005] Even more recently, the increased speed and reduced size ofelectronic devices has resulted in the proliferation of powerful andportable personal trusted devices, or PTDs. Mobile PTDs including thepersonal digital assistant (PDA) and cellular phone now number in themillions worldwide. The ability of these PTDs to communicate viacellular and wireless ISP networks has been augmented by their abilityto exchange data over short ranges, typically 1 mm-10 meters, forpurposes of secure data sharing between PTD devices and such peripheraldevices as printers. These short-range networks are typically referredto as personal area networks (PAN). One predominant short-range RFcommunications network standard, defined by the International Electricaland Electronic Engineers association (IEEE), is known as the IEEE802.11(b) standard, and includes such protocols as BLUETOOTH. Other RFcommunications protocols include but are not limited to IEEE 802.11(a)and 802.11(g). A major short-range infra-red (IR) communications networkprotocol, defined by the Infra-red Device Association (IrDA), is knownas the IrDA standard and their present specification is IrDA v1.2.

[0006] The variety of functions available to PTDs is increasing rapidly,for example with remote banking being popularized via the internet andtelephone ordering. Many merchants are now able to use mobiletransaction processing systems with cellular wireless ISP networksproviding bank access and such support functions as consumerauthentication, transaction authorization, event logging, andsettlement. Consumers are now able to access and effect personal accountmaintenance functions via bank websites and similar portals.

[0007] Despite this advancement, there remain 21 million world-widemerchants having only magnetic stripe card acceptance systems. Many ofthese merchants obtained their magnetic stripe card acceptance systemyears ago, and are resistant towards replacing their equipment andundergoing training in the use of newer systems. As a result, most newfinancial card equipment sales are merely replacement models. Upgradesto new equipment, including merchant systems capable of reading the RFproximity chip cards, is primarily driven by head offices of franchiseor branch retail stores desiring to improve inventory, financialaccounting, and similar functions, who may not necessarily exertinfluence over individual, independent merchants. Yet another barrier toadopting technology for RF proximity chip card transactions is thatmanufacturers of magnetic stripe card acceptance systems may disqualifyany attempt to upgrade their devices through direct modification ofelectrical connections, thereby discouraging upgrades by third partyequipment suppliers.

[0008] A problem thus exists whereby the technology for more secureconsumer/user financial data storage and transactions is available, butis compromised by a reluctance of merchants to replace their existingPOS card acceptance systems. Therefore, it can be seen that there is aneed in the art for devices and methods which enable older legacy POScard acceptance systems to be non-invasively adapted to interact withvarious newer technology PTD devices to meet the desires of thetransaction industry, and the desires of the merchants

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] An adaptor in accordance with the present invention allows aconventional magnetic stripe card POS reader to receive information fromcontact-based or wireless sources while maintaining the concurrentability of the reader to interact with a magnetic stripe card. Inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the adaptorincludes a simulacrum structure of sufficiently narrow width to fitsubstantially permanently within the slot of the magnetic stripe readingdevice, while providing enough room for a magnetic stripe card to alsobe accommodated within the slot. The simulacrum structure is inelectronic communication with one or more transceivers of wirelesscommunications such as RF and IR. Signals from the transceivers aretranslated into corresponding electrical pulses in a magnetic stripeformat. An inductor of the simulacrum is aligned with the magnetic head,and in response to the electrical pulses generates a magnetic field thatcan be sensed by the magnetic head. In an alternative embodiment, thesimulacrum occupies the entire slot and a second magnetic stripe cardslot and reader head are provided in communication with the simulacrumin order to maintain concurrent access to the reader by a magneticstripe card.

[0010] An embodiment of a method for importing information from amagnetic stripe card into a personal trusted device in accordance withthe present invention comprises providing an adaptor structurecomprising a transceiver configured to transmit a signal to a personaltrusted device, a memory in communication with the transceiver, and asimulacrum disposed within a slot of a magnetic stripe card reader andin magnetic communication with a magnetic reader head of the magneticstripe card reader. Information is read from a magnetic stripe card, andthe information is stored in the memory. The information is communicatedto the personal trusted device.

[0011] An embodiment of a method for disabling a magnetic stripe card inaccordance with the present invention comprises providing a magneticstripe card reader having a slot and a magnetic head in magneticcommunication with the slot. An adaptor structure comprising atransceiver configured to transmit a signal to a personal trusteddevice, a memory in communication with the transceiver, and a simulacrumincluding an inductor is provided. The simulacrum is disposedsubstantially permanently within the slot such that the inductor isaligned with the magnetic reader head, the simulacrum sufficientlynarrow to allow a magnetic stripe card to access the slot and themagnetic head while the simulacrum is present within the slot. Amagnetic stripe card is swiped through the slot such that information onthe magnetic stripe card is read by the magnetic head. The informationis communicated to a remote data repository. A signal is received fromthe remote data repository indicating invalidity of the magnetic stripecard. The signal is communicated to the adaptor. In response to thesignal, the inductor is caused to generate an electromagnetic field ofsufficient strength to alter at least one bit of data stored on amagnetic stripe of the magnetic stripe card.

[0012] An embodiment of a method for communicating information to a PTDcomprises providing a magnetic stripe card reader having a slot and amagnetic head in magnetic communication with the slot. An adaptorstructure is provided comprising a transceiver configured to receive afirst signal from a source and to transmit a second signal to a personaltrusted device, and a memory in communication with the transceiver.Information received at the transceiver is communicated from the sourceto the memory. The information is stored in the memory. The informationis transmitted from the memory to the personal trusted device utilizingthe transceiver.

[0013] A further understanding of the embodiments of the presentinvention can be made by way of reference to the ensuing detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014]FIG. 1 shows a simplified exploded view of an adaptor system inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0015]FIG. 1A shows a simplified enlarged view of the module undersideof the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

[0016]FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of a simulacrum in accordancewith an embodiment in accordance with the present invention, aspositioned in a POS magnetic stripe card reader.

[0017]FIG. 2 shows a simplified enlarged side view of the simulacrumstructure of FIG. 1.

[0018]FIG. 3 shows a simplified exploded view of the simulacrumstructure of FIGS. 1-2.

[0019]FIG. 4 shows a simplified enlarged view of the inductor coreelements of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2-3.

[0020]FIG. 4A shows a simplified end view of a slot of a magnetic stripecard reader containing the simulacrum and a magnetic stripe card.

[0021]FIG. 5 shows a simplified block diagram illustrating functionalityof an embodiment of an adaptor in accordance with the present invention.

[0022]FIG. 6 shows a simplified perspective view of an alternativeembodiment of an adaptor structure in accordance with the presentinvention.

[0023] FIGS. 7A-B show simplified perspective views of anotheralternative embodiment of an adaptor structure in accordance with thepresent invention.

[0024]FIG. 8 shows a perspective view an alternative embodiment of aninductor structure for longitudinal indexing in accordance with thepresent invention.

[0025]FIG. 9 is a simplified logical diagram of the installation of anadaptor to a magnetic stripe card acceptance system.

[0026]FIG. 10 is a simplified logical diagram of the interface processbetween an adaptor and a ViVOwallet application.

[0027]FIG. 11 is a simplified logical diagram of the interface processbetween an adaptor magneto-inductive structure and a magnetic cardswipe/insert acceptance system.

[0028]FIG. 12 is a simplified logical diagram of the user visual/audiocue process between an adaptor and a user PTD having the ViVOwalletfinancial management application.

[0029]FIG. 13 shows a simplified descriptive diagram of the ViVOwallet™financial management application.

[0030]FIG. 14 is a simplified descriptive diagram of the ViVOserver™data management system.

[0031]FIG. 15 is a simplified component diagram of physical devices andsystems utilized to implement an embodiment of an adaptor in accordancewith the present invention.

[0032]FIG. 16 is a simplified functional diagram of physical devices andsystems utilized to implement the embodiment of FIG. 15.

[0033]FIG. 17 is a simplified block diagram summarizing functionality ofmajor components of an embodiment of an adaptor in accordance with thepresent invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0034] I. Adaptor Structure and Function

[0035] An adaptor in accordance with the present invention allows aconventional magnetic stripe card reader to interact with other mediasuch as RF proximity chip cards and Infra-Red while retaining thecontinuous ability to receive a magnetic stripe card. In accordance withone embodiment, the adaptor includes a simulacrum structure ofsufficiently narrow dimensions to fit substantially permanently withinthe slot of the magnetic stripe reading device, while providingsufficient room for a magnetic stripe card to also be accommodated withthe slot. The simulacrum structure may be in electronic communicationwith one or more transceivers of wireless media such as RF and IR.

[0036] For purposes of the instant patent application, the term“substantially permanent” refers to affixing an adaptor to aconventional magnetic stripe card POS device for relatively longperiods, such that the adaptor is not routinely removed to allow the useof a magnetic stripe card. Examples of substantially permanentinstallation of the adaptor include but are not limited to the use ofgluing/adhesion, mechanical fasteners, plastic welding, wedge anchors,or other physical bonding techniques. Such substantially permanentinstallation allows the adaptor to function in conjunction with theexisting magnetic stripe card reader without requiring invasivemodification or alteration of the reader or its normal capabilities.Substantially permanent installation of an adaptor in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention is reversible, and under other thanroutine conditions the adaptor may be removed to allow inspection,repair, or replacement without damage to the existing magnetic stripereader device.

[0037]FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of an adaptor system (hereafter alsoreferred to as the “ViVOadapter”) in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention. Conventional point-of-sale (POS) magnetic stripecard reader 2 features display 4, keypad 6, and magnetic card swipe slot8. Magneto-inductive reader head 10 is flexibly supported by leaf spring12 to project slightly into slot 8.

[0038] Adaptor 14 comprises consumer pod (C-Pod) portion 16 inelectrical communication with merchant pod (M-Pod) portion 18 throughcable 20. Consumer pod portion 16 is positioned at a location convenientfor the customer, who may interact with the adaptor 14 by bringing an RFproximity chip card 97, PTD 99, or other RF or IR transceiver device inproximity to a wireless transceiver 22 to communicate information.

[0039] C-Pod portion 16 includes active region 19 proximate to anantenna for interacting at short range with an RF proximity chip card orother personal trusted device. Active region 19 may be of concave shapeto cue a user as to the optimal position of the RF proximity chip cardin front of the antenna. Particular embodiments of the C-Pod may bear anadvertising logo on the active region 19 as generically indicated inFIG. 1. One possible design of a C-Pod structure in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention is depicted in U.S. design patentapplication Ser. No. 29/168,943, filed Oct. 10, 2002 (Atty. Docket No.021633000200US) which is incorporated by reference herein for allpurposes.

[0040] C-Pod portion 16 may further include visual display region 21. Inone embodiment, four discrete light emitting devices 23 a-d arepositioned behind translucent screen 27 of C-Pod portion 16 and thenselectively lit to indicate progress of a particular transaction. Forexample, left-most lamp 23 a may be continuously lit to indicate anactive power connection. Lamps 23 b and 23 c may lit to indicatedetection of the presence of an RF proximity chip card or other userdevice. Right-most lamp 23 d may be lit to indicate completion of asuccessful transaction. Embodiments of C-pod portion 16 may also includeapparatus for providing audio indicia of transaction progress, forexample a speaker which emits a sound after successful completion of thetransaction. Typical operation of video and audio indicia is furtherdetailed below in connection with FIG. 12.

[0041] C-Pod portion 16 further comprises one or more transceivers 22 incommunication with respective interface processors 24. One example of atransceiver which may be located in the consumer pod portion is aninfrared (IR) transceiver supporting Irda v.1.2 and higher standards forinter-device bi-directional communications. This IR transceiver is ofparticular value for communicating with personal trusted devices (PTD)that may be carried by a consumer or user. Another example of atransceiver that may be located in the consumer pod portion is a radiofrequency proximity transceiver conforming to the ISO 14443 type A or Bstandard or to the ISO 15693 standard. Still another example of atransceiver that may be located in the consumer pod portion is atransceiver conforming to the Bluetooth IEEE 802.11(b) standard, or theIEEE 802.11(a) and (g) standards. Yet another example of a transceiverthat may be located in the C-Pod portion is a wireless transceiverconfigured for wireless or cellular protocols based upon CDMA, CDPD,GPRS, GSM, SMS and similar wireless communication protocols.

[0042] While the above description has focused on the presence of one ormore wireless transceivers in the consumer pod portion of the adaptor,this is not required by the present invention. In alternativeembodiments, the consumer pod portion could feature one or morecontact-based interfaces for interacting with a consumer transactioncard or smart card. One example of such a system is a modular-baseddocking port for a smart card. Other embodiments could include bothwireless and contact-based transceivers.

[0043] In addition to the wireless or contact-based transceivers justdescribed, an adapter in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention could further comprise one or more additional specializedinterfaces. Examples of such additional interfaces include but are notlimited to a keyboard permitting the entry of psychometric devices suchas a personal identification number (PIN) pin pads, and SMS transfer ofPIN, bio-metric devices such as finger print, iridology, voice printanalyzers, driver's license identifications, or transconductance cardscurrently being developed, and devices for reading code sets such as barcodes, UPS-type 3-D codes, moiré-pattern codes, and drivers licensemagnetic strips and holograms, and SIM/WIM/IUIM subscription identifierchips typically used in cellular PTD devices. One or more of theseinterfaces, alone or in combination, could require additionalverification or authentication of the user, thereby adding levels ofsecurity to the transaction.

[0044] While the above description has focused on the presence ofseparate and discreet consumer pod and merchant pods withinterconnecting cable, this configuration is not required by the presentinvention. In alternative embodiments, the consumer pod portion could beintegrated into the merchant pod portion, creating a complete andsingle-piece unit. One example of such a system preference would be formerchants with magnetic POS reader systems conveniently located on thetransaction counter and within reach of the consumer's PTD. Alternateembodiments could include positioning the separate M-Pod and C-podcomponents remote from the simulacrum tape that is substantiallypermanently installed within the card acceptance system reader. Anotheralternate embodiment could include the positioning of a single pieceintegrated C-Pod and M-Pod device remote from the simulacrum tapesubstantially permanently installed within the card acceptance systemreader.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 1, consumer pod portion 16 is in electricalcommunication with merchant pod portion 18 through cable 20, although inother possible embodiments the consumer pod and merchant pod couldcommunicate according to infrared or another medium. Merchant pod 18comprises module 26 in physical contact with the front of magneticstripe card reader 2 through adapter plate 25. An example of onepossible design of a module structure in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention is depicted in U.S. design patent applicationSer. No. 29/170,080, filed Oct. 30, 2002 (Atty. Docket No.021633-000300US) which is incorporated by reference herein for allpurposes.

[0046] Module 26 is in electrical communication with simulacrumstructure 28 positioned within slot 8 of magnetic stripe card reader 2.FIG. 1A shows an inverted, enlarged view of the underside of module 26showing a number of ports for interfacing with other devices, includingport 31 c for receiving a power cord, port 31 a for receiving a cablefrom the consumer pod portion, and communications port 31 b. Thepresence of a communications port in the module allows for softwareupgrades to be implemented in the adaptor, for interface of the adaptorto existing POS systems and merchant networks, for interface toViVOadapter networks, for interface to wired internet andtelecommunications, for interface to vending machine productelectromechanical activation and delivery devices/systems, for interfaceto a stand-alone CPU such as a PC, for peripheral devices that mayinclude printers, displays, keyboards and for wired/wirelesstransceivers, and for expansion of the adaptor to accommodate devicesemploying communication utilizing alternative or not-yet-developed mediaor protocols. In addition to the ports just listed, module 26 of themerchant pod could include other types of ports, including but notlimited to peripheral device communications, secondary authenticationdevices, other ViVOadapters and ViVOadapter networks, and input devicessuch as bar code scanners, authentication devices, and other codereading devices.

[0047] The M-Pod portion may include one or more wireless transceiversconfigured for wireless or cellular protocols based upon CDMA, CDPD,GPRS, GSM, SMS and similar wireless communication protocols. Module 26also contains a number of chips including memories and processorsresponsible for controlling operation of the adaptor. Input/outputhandling microcontroller 30, shown in FIG. 5, allows the merchant oruser to select the communication medium through which a user willinteract with the adaptor. The input/output handling microcontroller 30will also accept unique merchant or user codes and relevant dataassociated with the merchant/user for identification and non-repudiationschemes. Module 26 further includes security microcontroller 32including a cryptoprocessor which executes stored cryptographic routinesand standards including DES, RSA, DSA, HASH, and other communicationstandards, and has Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and digitalcertificate software features for mutual device authentication, dataintegrity verification, and secure encryption communications with theuser's PTD.

[0048] While the above description and figures illustrate an embodimentwherein the M-Pod and C-Pod components represent discrete structuresconnected by a cable, this is not required by the present invention.Alternative embodiments could incorporate the M-Pod and C-Pod componentsinto a single housing located at the magnetic stripe card reader, orpositioned remote from the magnetic stripe card reader and incommunication with the simulacrum (discussed below) through a wire orwireless connection.

[0049] As stated above, simulacrum 28 is in electronic communicationwith the module, and in electromagnetic communication with the head ofthe magnetic stripe card reader. FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of asimulacrum 28 in accordance with an embodiment in accordance with thepresent invention, as positioned within a slot of a POS magnetic stripecard reader 2. One example of a design of a simulacrum structure inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention, which iscompatible with an Omni 3200 magnetic stripe card reader, is depicted inU.S. design patent application Ser. No. 29/______, (Atty. Docket No.021633-000400US filed Nov. 27, 2002), which is incorporated by referenceherein for all purposes.

[0050]FIG. 2 shows a simplified enlarged side view of the simulacrumstructure of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows a simplified exploded view of thesimulacrum structure of FIGS. 1-2. Simulacrum 28 comprises dielectricsubstrate 34 supporting electrically conducting traces 36 and coils 38in electromagnetic communication with inductor core elements 40, therebyforming inductor structure 98. Substrate 34 may be formed frompolycarbonate, as is available from General Electric Plastics of Bergenop Zoom, Holland, or some other deformable but sufficiently stiffmaterial. Traces 36 and coils 38 are typically formed from copper oranother conducting metal. Traces 36, coils 38, and inductor coreelements 40 may be secured to substrate 34 by being sandwiched betweenthe substrate and an overlying nonconducting film 41 such as Mylar®,available from Du Pont, of Wilmington, Del., or a polycarbonate film asdescribed above.

[0051] Inductor core elements 40 may be formed from a variety ofmaterials exhibiting desirable magnetic properties, including but notlimited to ferromagnetic materials such as cobalt and alloys thereof. Inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the inductorcore elements comprises a cobalt alloy having an elemental compositionof approximately 85% cobalt, 2% iron, 8% silicon, 4% manganese, andabout 1% other materials. This material is obtained from HoneywellMetGlas Solutions of Conway, S.C. These percentages represent only anapproximation of one particular embodiment, and alternative embodimentscould employ other alloys having different compositions.

[0052] The materials comprising the cobalt alloy contribute variousattributes to the inductor structure. For example, cobalt is aferromagnetic material that is able to exhibit sufficiently strongelectromagnetic fields in response to an induced field proportional tothe applied voltage and current to the coils that encompasses theinductor core elements. The silicon contributes structural strength, andthe manganese is useful for bonding purposes. The alloy of thisparticular embodiment is supplied by the manufacturer in a film having athickness of approximately 0.001″ in a tape 2.0″ wide by 100 feet long.

[0053] During operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the M-Podcomponent of the ViVOadapter is placed directly adjacent to the POS cardswipe reader device, with simulacrum 28 aligned to the magnetic readerhead of the existing POS card reader system in such a manner as tomaintain continued access to the swipe or insert slot for normalcard-reading functions. Specifically, simulacrum 28 is positioned withinmagnetic swipe slot 8 on the side opposite to magnetic reading head 10,such that gap 42 is defined between simulacrum 28 and magnetic head 10.Gap 42 is of sufficient width to allow slot 8 to simultaneouslyaccommodate both simulacrum 28 and conventional magnetic stripe card 44having tracks 43 and 45. By exhibiting resilient mechanical properties,substrate 34 serves to protect inductor 40 and traces 36 from abrasionby the repeated sliding of a magnetic card within the slot along thesimulacrum and adjacent to magnetic reader head 10. By exhibiting a lowcoefficient of friction, the simulacrum facilitates movement of the cardthrough the slot with minimal degradation to both the card and thesimulacrum.

[0054] While the above description and illustrated figures relate to anembodiment of a ViVOadapter structure that is configured to interactwith a card having two magnetic stripes, the present invention is notlimited to this particular example. A ViVOadapter in accordance withalternative embodiments of the present invention could be modified toemulate signals from a magnetic stripe card having three or an evengreater number of magnetic tracks, utilizing substantially the sametechnology described herein.

[0055] The ViVOadapter 14 has a mechanical design to conform to the POScard swipe reader device. During installation, simulacrum 28 may beinserted into slot 8 such that the inductor core element 40 is alignedwith the magnetic head. The installation or alignment guide 49 havingthe same thickness of a magnetic stripe card and temporarily attached tothe simulacrum accompanies the simulacrum into the slot 8 within gap 42,pushing simulacrum 28 against the side of the slot, and aligning theinductor 98 to a position directly opposite that of the magnetic head.With guide 49 still present in slot 8, simulacrum 28 may then be securedwithin slot 8 by folding down upper simulacrum tab portions 28 a,including the top of inductor structure 40, to conform with and adhereto the top surface of the reader 2. Cap 33 may be placed over the foldedtop portion of inductor structure 98 to physically protect the inductorcore element ends and the coils wrapped around the inductor core elementends from damage or disturbance. In addition, end simulacrum portion 28b may be folded to conform with and adhere to the rear of the reader 2.Once the simulacrum 28 is secured in the slot, installation guide 49 maybe removed.

[0056] As just described, an adaptor in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention is designed to adapt to the existing magneticstripe card reader without requiring modification or alteration of thereader or its normal capabilities. Thus embodiments of the simulacrum inaccordance with the present invention may, but are not required to be,substantially permanently fixed within the slot of the magnetic stripecard reader though adhesion of top and end portions of the simulacrum tothe housing of the reader, or through other means. Installation of thesimulacrum within the existing magnetic stripe card reader isreversible, however, and under non-routine conditions the simulacrum maybe removed from the reader for inspection or for replacement due toupdating or wear or damage.

[0057] A molded plate 25 specially designed to the match the front of aparticular POS device may secure module 26 in place. Examples of knownPOS magnetic stripe card readers to which a plate may be created tofacilitate contact include, but are not limited to, the TRANZ and OMNIsystems of VeriFone, Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif., the T7, T8, and ICEsystems of Hypercom Corporation of Phoenix, Ariz., the NURIT 2085 and2080 systems of Lipman Electronic Engineering Ltd. of Tel Aviv, Israel,the SUREONE and SUREPOS systems of International Business Machines Corp.of Armonk, N.Y., the ELITE system of INGENICO of Cedex, France, theMAGIC system of SchlumbergerSema of New York, N.Y., the 8000 series ofINTELLECT of Brussels, Belgium, and the PAYWARE system of the TrintechGroup Plc. of Dublin, Ireland.

[0058]FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of simulacrum 28 of FIG. 1, asviewed from the side opposite the magnetic head of the card reader.Simulacrum 28 includes electrically conducting traces 36 a-d incommunication with electrical coils 38 a-d which wrap around variousinductor elements 40 a-d, respectively, forming a complete inductorstructure 98. Ends of traces 36 a-d terminate in respective contacts 46a-d.

[0059]FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of simulacrum 28. FIG. 3 shows therelative position of traces 36, inductor core elements 40, and coils 38relative to magnetic head 10 of card reader 2. FIG. 3 also shows thatsimulacrum 28 may comprise multiple layers of material. For example, aspreviously described, the narrow width of the simulacrum allows it to bepresent in the slot of the magnetic stripe card reader at the same timeas a magnetic stripe card. However, repeated contact between thesimulacrum and such a card can damage or degrade the simulacrum.Accordingly, in the particular embodiment show in FIG. 3, substrate 34facing gap 42 could exhibit physical resilience or a low frictionalcoefficient properties to facilitate repeated sliding of the magneticcard stripe card. Alternatively, the substrate could bear a filmexhibiting one or more of these properties.

[0060]FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the differential inductorstructure 98 of the simulacrum 28, as viewed from the side opposite themagnetic head 10 of card reader 2, which is shown in broken lines.Differential inductor structure 98 comprises first and second separateand unattached opposing core elements 40 a and 40 b defining firstmagneto-inductive gap 48 a positioned at a first height “A”corresponding to the expected height of a track of a magnetic stripe ofa card inserted within slot 8. Third and fourth separate and unattachedopposing core elements 40 c and 40 d of differential inductor 40 definesecond magnetoinductive gap 48 b positioned at a second height “B”corresponding to the expected height of a second track of a magneticstripe card inserted within slot 8. Similar arrangement of coil andinductor core elements may be included to emulate additional magneticcard stripe tracks that may be sensed by varieties of magnetic cardreaders.

[0061] Upon communication of a voltage to coils 38 a-d encirclingportions of inductor core elements 40 a-d respectively, magnetic fieldsexhibiting horizontal magnetic flux domain orientation are generatedacross gaps 48 a and 48 b. Such horizontal orientations of the magneticflux domain of these fields is useful to emulate the orientation of themagnetic domain resulting from movement of the encoded tracks of amagnetic stripe card past the reader head used in the conventional cardreader devices.

[0062] During operation of the ViVOadapter 14, the magnetic fieldscreated across the magneto-inductive gaps 48 a and 48 b defined by thesimulacrum inductor elements may be controlled by the ViVOadaptermicrocontroller via connecting traces 36 and contact pads 46. Theinductor will receive data in a serial process from the wirelessreceivers via the wireless interface processor, and in response providetranslational magnetic fields at the differential inductor core gaps foremulation of one or more tracks associated with a magnetic card.

[0063] An inductor structure in accordance with embodiments of thepresent invention would be expected to generate a magnetic field havingsufficient intensity to couple to the magnetic reader head across thethickness of the substrate and any gap defined between the simulacrumand the reader head. However, the magnetic field produced by theinductor structure should not be so strong as to saturate the head,cause inter-track noise, or cause unwanted coupling with othercomponents of the POS equipment. Thus in particular embodiments, thecoil structures would be expected to receive a current of between about100 μA and 100 mA and operating voltages between about 1 V and 50 V, andin response generate a magnetic field having an intensity equivalent toemulate magnetic card domains of between about 1000 and 10,000 oersteds.

[0064] While a variety of inductor and simulacrum structures may beemployed by various embodiments in accordance with the presentinvention, these embodiments may share several common features. Forexample, ISO/IEC specification 7811 governs the architecture andoperation of magnetic stripe cards and reader devices, including suchparameters as the width of the card and positioning of the magneticstripe. FIG. 4A shows an end view of such a slot of a magnetic stripereader. Slot 8 has a total width “X” of between about 0.060″ and 0.090″.Magnetic reader head 10 may be biased by leaf spring 12 to project adistance of between about 0.000″ and 0.090″ into slot 8, but head 10 maybe biased back into the reader housing by the sliding card to lie flushwith the slot wall. Simulacrum 28 may occupy a thickness “Y’ of up toabout 0.040″ of slot 8, leaving gap 42 of distance “W” of approximately0.050″ to accommodate magnetic stripe reader card 44 having a thicknessof approximately 0.030-0.040″. In this manner, an adaptor in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention would conform to the dictatesof the ISO 7811 magnetic card standard, and the associated capabilitiesof typical magnetic card reader systems.

[0065] The differential inductor structure illustrated in the embodimentof FIG. 4 offers a number of advantages. One benefit is that coreelements 40 a-d are not physically connected: they are separate anddistinct pieces. This offers the advantage of imposing a greatermagnetic flux density in the magneto-inductive gaps 48 a and 48 bbecause of the ratio of coil windings area and the inductor coreelements area, smaller space requirements due to the smaller coils oneach inductor core element, and the ability to remotely locate the corewith coil winding simply through the use of extended core elements thatcan be shaped and constructed into longer pieces. The coil windings onthe inductor core elements are separate and distinct and may beelectrically charged individually via each distinct trace.Alternatively, the coil windings may be electrically chargedconcurrently through serial connection of the coils in such manner as todevelop a positive field on one core element gap, and a negative fieldon the other core element gap, thereby causing a differential inducedfield at the gap of the inductor core elements.

[0066] The embodiment of the ViVOadapter illustrated and described inconnection with FIG. 4 shows a simulacrum utilizing a differentialinductor structure designed to emulate a card having two magnetic stripetracks. However, the present invention is not limited to this particularembodiment, and other structures for converting electrical signals intomagnetic signals in a form recognizable to a magnetic reading head wouldalso fall within the scope of the present invention. Also, more coils,inductor core elements, and electrical traces can be added in order topermit interfacing with magnetic card readers capable of reading cardshaving more than two tracks. Additionally, the use of high-plasticityferroelectromagnetic elements is envisioned. These elements may becharged to create an electromagnetic field.

[0067] A benefit of the tape-based differential inductor simulacrum isits maximum thickness of 0.040″ and a typical thickness of 0.025″ allowsthe tape to remain in the magnetic card POS swipe/insert reader devicesslot concurrent with accessibility of a standard IEC-ISO 7811 formatcard. This will not render invalid the POS reader device qualificationsand specifications because no electrical connection or mechanicalcomponents will be altered in function. Additionally, the ease andrapidity of installation with the alignment guide will be advantageousfor the technician, with lower associated skills required and risks ofalignment or other installation errors. Another benefit of the design ofthe simulacrum inductor structure is that it can also be utilized tocapture magnetic card data.

[0068]FIG. 17 is a simplified block diagram summarizing functionality ofmajor components of an embodiment of an adaptor in accordance with thepresent invention. FIG. 17 depicts the ViVOadapter as an integration ofthree primary components: the Consumer Pod 1710, the Merchant Pod 1720,and the simulacrum 1730. Consumer Pod 1710 houses electronic componentsfor RF and IR communications with the user and acts to transmit therelated data to the Merchant Pod 1720 for transmission to the Simulacrum1730. The Consumer Pod may be discreetly moveable for convenience ofuser interaction and provides a surface for advertising text andgraphics visible to the user. The Consumer pod may also provideaudio-visual indicia for prompting of the user during interaction. TheConsumer Pod may also provide electronic interface components for suchuser-related peripherals as biometric and psychometric devices asfinger-print and pin-pads. Additional input devices may include bar-codescanners and iridology devices as described herein.

[0069] The Merchant Pod 1720 may house the main electronic componentsassociated with CPU and programming functions, and with interfacecomponents for the Consumer Pod, Simulacrum, and power regulation. TheMerchant Pod may attach to the POS reader and utilize a cryptographicalprocessor to provide secure data to the main microprocessor whichcommunicates with the Simulacrum 1730 and C-Pod 1710. The Merchant Podhas a communications port which may be used for merchant preferenceprogramming and communications with the merchant's network, andViVOadapter networks as described herein. The communications port may beused for biometric and psychometric devices such as finger-printanalyzers and pin-pad for alpha-numeric user codes. Additional inputdevices may include bar-code scanners and iridology devices as describedherein. Maintenance upgrades of firmware and software may be effectedvia the communications port either directly with another computer deviceor cellular/wireless ISP transceiver, or remotely with the wiredtelecommunications system

[0070] The simulacrum 1730 may be substantially permanently installedwithin the POS magnetic card acceptance system card swipe slot and actsto produce a highly localized electromagnetic field, viamagneto-inductive gap technology, for coupling with the POS magneticreader head. The simulacrum is capable of transmitting data to multipletracks on the POS reader head. In an alternate embodiment, thesimulacrum is capable of reading magnetic card data and transmittingthis data to the Merchant Pod. In still another alternate embodiment,the simulacrum is capable of writing data to the magnetic card stripe.

[0071]FIG. 5 is a simplified descriptive block diagram illustratingelements of the ViVOadapter and related system components. This systemsdiagram depicts an intelligent device with microprocessor 30, includingfirmware, software, ROM, RAM, and firmware/software control logic, a“smart chip” micro-controller with integrated cryptographic co-processor32 conforming to the EMV (Europay/Master Card/Visa) security smart-cardstandards specifications and capable of generation of symmetrical andasymmetrical encryption keys and performing typical cryptographicanalysis standard to “smart cards” and internet-based financialtransaction browsers. Input-output devices include the RF ISO 14443 TypeA/B and ISO 15693 proximity transceiver 22 a, Bluetooth IEEE 802.11(b)or other RF protocol transceiver 22 b, IrDA compatible infraredtransceiver 22 c, audio and visual cue/system status indicators 23, andthe differential inductor simulacrum 28 that will emulate a dynamicmagnetic stripe typical to credit/debit/ATM/prepay/loyalty/member/IDmagnetic stripe cards.

[0072] The ViVOadapter microcontroller is merchant programmable throughcommunication port 31 b and has public key interface (PKI) and digitalcertificate software features for mutual device authentication, dataintegrity verification, and secure encryption communications with theuser's PTD. Communication port 31 b may also receive an electrical cablewhich enables direct communication with other devices, such as a laptopcomputer utilized to communicate with the adaptor to implementprogramming upgrades and other maintenance, communication with themerchant's systems and network to allow concurrent financial transactionand order processing among other capabilities, peripheralcommunications, and other devices described herein.

[0073] Controller 30 will also enable the merchant/user to select thepreferred communications mediums that include RF 14443 type A and/ortype B and RF 15693, IR, Bluetooth IEEE 802.11(b) or other RF protocolsuch as IEEE 802.11(a) or 802.11(g), and cellular/wireless ISP or wiredproviders, either discreetly or collectively. The controller will alsoaccept unique merchant/user codes and relevant data associated with themerchant/user for identification and non-repudiation schemes. Wirelessdata transceiver 22 d may be integrated for PTD-wireless network/ISP andPTD-ViVOadapter RF and Short Messaging Service (SMS) protocolcommunications for transactions beyond normal short range RF andinfrared distances, or for mobile transactions. As described below inconnection with FIG. 6, certain alternative embodiments may includeintegrated redundant magnetic swipe card reader 22 e.

[0074] Only certain embodiments in accordance with the present inventionare shown and described in the instant disclosure. One should understandthat the present invention is capable of use in various othercombinations and environments and is capable of changes andmodifications within the scope of the inventive concept expressedherein.

[0075] For example, while the embodiment illustrated and described inconnection with FIGS. 1-4 shows a simulacrum which is of sufficientlynarrow dimensions to allow for the presence of a magnetic stripe card inthe slot, this is not required by the present invention. In accordancewith an alternative embodiment of the present invention, a ViVOadaptercould include a separate, substitute magnetic card slot, magnetic readerhead, and processor for receiving signals from the magnetic reader headby an IEC ISO 7811 conformal magnetic stripe card, and still remainwithin the scope of the present invention.

[0076] This approach is illustrated in FIG. 6, which shows a perspectiveview of an alternative embodiment of an adaptor for a magnetic stripecard reader in accordance with the present invention. Magnetic stripereader adaptor 610 comprises simulacrum 72 that is similar in shape andfunction to that described above in connection with FIGS. 1-4, exceptthat its width is not required to be sufficiently narrow to permit amagnetic stripe card to be inserted into the slot at the same time.Instead, alternative adaptor structure 610 features a separate magneticstripe reader component 612 including slot 76 and magnetic head 78 inelectromagnetic communication with slot 620 of conventional magneticstripe card reader 600. Swiping of a magnetic stripe card in slot 76across magneto-inductive head 78 creates a series of pulses. Thesesignals are received by a processor and converted into a formatrecognizable by the second magnetic head of the existing POS device bythe simulacrum as described in the primary embodiment. The adaptor 610shown in FIG. 6 may include a separate C-Pod portion (not shown) that isin wired or wireless communication with the adaptor portion housing thesimulacrum and the separate magnetic stripe reader component.

[0077] The alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 6 will be capable ofcapturing magnetic card data during the swipe process, storing it intemporary memory, and transmitting this data to the PTD or to theViVOserver, or to a third party data repository via wireless or wiredcommunication such as a network modem for DSL. The data can be encryptedand a decryption key transmitted to the PTD via the wirelesscarrier/ISP. The PTD user will retrieve the key upon satisfaction of aproper authentication process, for example one performed in conjunctionwith the ViVOwallet or another eWallet-type application.

[0078] While the embodiment of the present invention described in FIGS.1-4 is shown adapting to a POS magnetic card reader having an exposedslot, the present invention is not limited to this particular type ofconfiguration. FIGS. 7A and 7B show simplified perspective views of theuse of an adaptor in accordance with an embodiment of the presentinvention for use with a magnetic card POS card insert device 640typically installed in a vending machine or ATM. ViVOadapter 645including differential inductor simulacrum 665 is attached with cable667 routed to the remotely located ViVOadapter case 645. Thedifferential inductor simulacrum tape 665 is attached to the card readerdevice in such a manner to allow direct contact of the differentialinductor simulacrum with the card reader magnetic head sensing component652 while ensuring continued magnetic card insert functionality.Simulacrum 665 of ViVOadapter 645 is positioned proximate to an existingcard swipe slot having a magnetic read head 652, until both units are invertical and horizontal alignment. The magnetic card 655 is insertedinto the slot and acts to lift the tape with differential inductorsimulacrum 665 until the card is physically between the magnetic readhead 652 and the differential inductor simulacrum 665 as shown in FIG.7B. The visual indicators 670 and infrared transceiver components 675can be integrated with the ViVOadapter case design 645, or may beremotely located and communicate with the simulacrum 665 through cablesor wireless means. A bi-directional data port 680 is provided forinterface with existing or future POS card systems and the ViVOadapterpower cable 690 is attached to the POS device or system, or attached toa dedicated power supply.

[0079] A benefit of this design configuration is the ease and speed ofdeployment in the merchant POS card reader devices. Additionally, thePOS card reader device will only have magneto-inductive coupling withthe ViVOadapter and this will not compromise the qualification orsecurity of the POS card reader device.

[0080] Another example of possible variation from the particularembodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4A is to vary the structure of the inductorcore elements. For example, an alternate embodiment of an inductorstructure for a simulacrum in accordance with the present invention isshown in FIG. 8. Inductor 750 comprises two core elements 755 and 760bearing complimentary saw tooth shapes and encompassed by coils 705. Thesaw-tooth edge provides a horizontal magnetic domain field fluxcomponent via trigonometric function of the angle of the gaporientation. This will enable the simulacrum to be placed in theapproximate, but not necessarily exact, position of the POS card systemmagnetic reader head component to effect a digital signal on the outputleads. A benefit of the design of the differential inductor structure ofthe simulacrum shown in FIG. 8 is that it provides horizontally-orientedmagnetic flux-field domains in a linear process over any length ofdistance, due to the trigonometric function of horizontal and verticalmagnetic fields. This characteristic enhances alignment tolerance forthe merchant or user installing the ViVOadapter into the slot of themagnetic stripe reader device, and accommodation of variations indimensions and mechanical design for the various POS card swipe/insertsystems to which the ViVOadapter is intended to fit.

[0081] As described so far, embodiments of adaptors in accordance withthe present invention have functioned primarily to receive informationfrom wireless devices such as RF proximity chip cards or personaltrusted devices (PTDs) such as PDAs or cell phones, and to translatethis information to a format recognizable by a conventional magneticstripe card reader to effect a purchase or other type of electronictransaction. However, an adaptor structure in accordance withembodiments of the present invention is not limited to performing thisparticular function.

[0082] For example, in one alternative application for a ViVOadapter inaccordance with the present invention, a ViVOadapter located at amerchant could be utilized by a user as a remote portal allowingrelevant information from a conventional plastic magnetic stripe card tobe imported into an electronic wallet device. In one embodiment,information read from the magnetic stripe card by the magnetic headcould be communicated back to the ViVOadapter through the communicationsport, stored, and then transmitted to the PTD though a transceiverdescribed herein, such as an IR or RF transceiver.

[0083] In accordance with an alternative embodiment, reading ofinformation from the magnetic stripe card could result in theViVOadaptor communicating with a remote data repository to obtainauthorization for transmission of the magnetic stripe card data to thePTD. Upon receipt of such authorization from the remote data repository,the Adaptor could communicate the credit card data to the PTD directly,or communicate the data indirectly by providing to the PTD a keyallowing decryption of a separate message containing the credit cardinformation. This separate message could be transmitted through a wiredor wireless network to the PTD directly, or indirectly via theViVOadpater.

[0084] In another alternative embodiment, the inductor components of thesimulacrum would be capable of reading data directly from a magneticstripe card in a similar manner to the magneto-inductive reader heads ofconventional POS devices. The data read could be stored in the adaptorand then transmitted in a secure manner to any authenticated PTD withinstalled eWallet software capable of communication with the ViVOadaptorand authorized by ViVOtech, Inc.

[0085] In accordance with another possible alternative application, aViVOadapter may be used to facilitate the communication of data to apersonal trusted device from a source such as another personal trusteddevice. In one embodiment, the adaptor would receive data at itswireless interface from one authenticated source, store the receiveddata, and then transmit the data to an authenticated PTD. The datatransmitted would not be limited to financial information and couldinclude a financial management software application, thereby allowing aPTD not already containing the software to install the software andutilize the information from the first PTD without delay. Moreover,additional security could be imparted to the information transfer bycausing the information to be encrypted by the ViVOadapter prior totransmission to the PTD. In such an application, the PTD would receive adecryption key in a separate message before the transferred data couldbe accessed.

[0086] Moreover, the source of the data communicated to the PTD need notbe a second PTD, and could be a merchant network and supporting systeminterfaced with the communications port of a ViVOadapter. Communicationwith such a merchant network may enable transfer of information such asmerchant coupons and loyalty program data to the PTD/RF proximity chipcard at the point of sale, or anywhere a ViVOadapter is placed within amerchant's place of business. Multiple ViVOadapters with wired orwireless cellular ISP transceivers may be used as transponders relayinginformation to the user and to the merchant. Such information may beused for profiling of user purchasing habits and processes, and merchantpromotion of coupons, gift certificates, and other instruments to theuser's PTD. In still other embodiments, ViVOadapter can be used tocommunicate a financial management application directly at the POS,thereby enabling a PTD lacking the financial management application toultimately communicate with a ViVOadapter.

[0087] In still another embodiment, an adaptor structure in accordancewith the present invention can be utilized to disable stolen orunauthorized magnetic stripe cards without the knowledge of the personattempting to use the card. Upon swiping of a stolen or unauthorizedcard, the magnetic stripe card reader would receive a signal denying thetransaction and authorizing destruction of the card. This message couldin turn be communicated to the ViVOadapter through the communicationport. Upon receipt of the message authorizing destruction of the card,the ViVOadapter could be programmed to request that the prospectivepurchaser swipe his or her card again. Without the awareness of theprospective purchaser, during this second swipe of the card theViVOadapter could cause the inductor to generate a electromagnetic fieldof sufficient intensity to alter the polarization of the magnetic stripedomains on the card. This technique would be sufficiently effective todisable the card for any future use, regardless of how much data, beyonda single bit, is written onto the magnetic stripe of the card, becauseof strict requirements of IATA and ABA industry standards regarding theintegrity of card track data. Once the card is disabled in the mannerdescribed above, the transaction would be again refused, but withoutpromoting any confrontation between the merchant and the prospectivecard user. In an alternative embodiment, disabling of the card may bebased upon a signal received from a separate wireless transceiver incommunication with a third party fraudulent or unauthorized carddatabase, for example that found at http://www.cardcops.com.

[0088] An embodiment of a method for disabling a magnetic stripe card inaccordance with the present invention comprises providing a magneticstripe card reader having a slot and a magnetic head in magneticcommunication with the slot. An adaptor is provided having a transceiverconfigured to transmit a signal to a personal trusted device, or viacellular wireless ISP, or internet, to card issuers or acquirers orother parties authorized by the card issuer to authorize carddestruction, a memory in communication with the transceiver, and asimulacrum including an inductor. The simulacrum is disposedsubstantially permanently within the slot such that the inductor isaligned with the magnetic reader head, the simulacrum sufficientlynarrow to allow a magnetic stripe card to access the slot and themagnetic head while the simulacrum is present within the slot. Amagnetic stripe card is swiped through the slot such that information onthe magnetic stripe card is read by the magnetic head. The informationis communicated to a remote data repository. A signal indicatinginvalidity of the magnetic stripe card is received from the remote datarepository and communicated to the adaptor. In response to the signal,the inductor generates an electromagnetic field of sufficient strengthto alter at least one bit of data stored on a magnetic stripe of themagnetic stripe card.

[0089] II. Adaptor Hardware and Software

[0090]FIG. 9 is logical diagram of the installation of a typicalViVOadapter device in the POS systems. The technician will ensure allViVOadapter components and tools are available 910, 915 and will placethe differential inductor simulacrum tape into the POS system 920, sothat the simulacrum is directly in contact with the POS systems magnetichead component 925, with any necessary adjustment as defined by thealignment guide attached to the simulacrum 927. The technician willconfirm that normal magnetic stripe cards are able to be swiped orinserted into the magnetic head component slot 930 with any necessaryadjustment of the alignment guide 932, and will then secure thedifferential inductor simulacrum tape 935 anchor with chemical/glue ormechanical fasteners included with the installation kit. The technicianwill install the ViVOadapter M-pod to the POS system 940 and secure withchemical/glue or mechanical fasteners included with the installation kitand then attach the power cable 945 to the POS system, or to a dedicatedpower supply. The technician will then apply power 950 to the POS systemand ViVOadapter with confirmation that the POS reader or machine isoperative 955. The technician will then confirm the ViVOadapter statusindicators are normal 960 and replace 962 the ViVOadapter if this testis failed. The technician will then confirm an RF proximity chipcard/IR/Bluetooth IEEE 802.11(b)/SMS/PTD-to-ViVOadapter and wirelessnetwork/ISP transaction as specified in the merchant/user programming,is effected 965. The ViVOadapter will be replaced if this test is failed968. The technician will then confirm the POS system is fully functionaland compliant for concurrent reading of magnetic cards 970 and willreplace the ViVOadapter if functionality and compliancy are not met 972.Lastly, the merchant will use the ViVOwallet application merchantfeature to effect programming 975 of merchant related data forcompletion of the installation process 980. The ViVOadapter will expectto receive a ViVOtech, Inc. specific authorized code such as “HelloViVOwallet”, to ensure compliance of third party vendors.

[0091]FIG. 10 is a logical diagram of the interface processes betweenthe ViVOadapter and the PTD electronic wallet application, ViVOwalletpay-and-go™ feature application discussed below, and the RF embeddedViVOwallet application transparent transaction process. The ViVOadapterwill be operational 1000 and with the polling feature activated 1015.The ViVOadapter will transmit a transponder signal according to themerchant/user programming preferences that include RF ISO 14443 Type Aor Type B and RF 15693, IR type IrDa version 1.2 or higher and ViVOtechInc. proprietary and Consumer IR, IEEE 802.11(a)(b) or (g), andcellular/wireless ISP and wired protocols and wait for a response 1020.The ViVOadapter will perform mutual device authentication and challengeprotocols, exchange security cryptography routines and keys, exchangedata typical to credit/debit/ATM/pre-pay/loyalty/member/ID cardsmagnetic domain track data upon presentation by an RF proximity chipcard or via other communication mediums described herein. Additionally,a unique RF proximity chip card or ViVOwallet identification informationissued by the manufacturer, card issuer, acquirer, authorizer, and/orViVOtech Inc. company authorized parties will be transmitted andauthenticated.

[0092] The ViVOadapter will transmit a transponder signal via RFproximity 14443 type A or Type B and RF 15693/Irda and Consumer IR/IEEE802.11/cellular wireless ISP and wired provider protocols per merchantpreferences on a periodic frequency 1017 until it receives a responsefrom a PTD 25, whereupon it will establish communications and mutualdevice authentication 1030. When mutual authentication is validated1030, 1032, 1035, the ViVOadapter will generate initial encryption codesand exchange security routines with the PTD, and exchange securitycertificates and wait for the ViVOwallet card data or the RF proximitychip card transaction initiation 1040. The ViVOadapter will wait for aperiod of time prior to time-out, or if card data is not valid 1047 withreset to the transponder state ViVOwallet/RF transaction start sequencestate 1020. In the event the ViVOwallet application is active, theViVOadapter will then wait for the ViVOwallet transaction start sequencecode 1065. The ViVOwallet application will acknowledge the ViVOadaptertransaction request code and confirm the ViVOwallet application with aunique ViVOtech Inc. identifier such as “Hello ViVOwallet” 1065, and theViVOadapter are mutually authenticated 1070 within a specified period oftime and if not, will then request reauthentication protocol procedures1075. The mutually authenticated devices will initiate securityencryption procedures and generate encryption codes and exchange cipherkeys 1080. Once mutual authentication protocols are confirmed and theViVOadapter is awaiting transaction start codes 1085, the ViVOwalletapplication or RF proximity chip card will transmit user-specificmagnetic card data until transaction time-out period 1090. TheViVOadapter will confirm the card data is valid 1045 via cyclicredundancy check (CRC), linear redundancy check (LRC), or similar methodof data integrity verification. If the ViVOadapter is unable to confirmcard data validity within a specified number of attempts, then an errormessage 1047 will be transmitted to the ViVOwallet application and thetransaction process will be terminated.

[0093] If the card data is validated, then the ViVOadapter will transmitthe digital data to the differential inductor simulacrum 1050, whichwill then communicate the information to the magnetic head component ofthe POS card reader device 105 1. The POS device will in turn transmitthe card data to a remote data repository storing card validityinformation 1052, as is known in the art. The remote data repositorywill in turn communicate back to the POS device a transaction acceptanceor denial signal 1053 based upon card validity information stored in theremote data repository, as is also known in the art. Where a transactionis authorized, the ViVOadapter will then transmit merchant-specific codeinformation 1055 to the ViVOwallet application, with transmissionconfirmation request, and the transaction will be terminated 1060.

[0094]FIG. 11 is a logical diagram of the interface process between theViVOadapter and POS swipe/insert card acceptance systems via thedifferential inductor simulacrum 1110. The ViVOadapter should completethe requisite processes described herein and the RF proximity chip cardand/or ViVOwallet application card data must be valid 1115. TheViVOadapter will convert the card data into a digital serial data bitstream 1120 for transmission to the differential inductor simulacrummagneto-inductive gaps 1125 in a repetitive and cyclic process until aspecified period of time has elapsed 1130.

[0095]FIG. 12 is a logical diagram of the user interface visual cueprocess 1210 to enable the user to determine the length of time toorient their PTD towards the ViVOadapter. The ViVOadapter will display acontinuous blinking visual cueing indication/transponder signal withspecified periodicity during the waiting state 1215. The ViVOadapterwill then increase the periodicity or sequencing of one or more visualindicator(s) when authenticated with a ViVOwallet application or RFproximity chip card 1220. If the ViVOwallet application or RF proximitychip card fails to exchange transaction data within a specified periodof time after authentication 1225, then the visual and/or audio cuingindicator(s) will sequence to the wait state 1215. If the ViVOwallet orRF proximity chip card exchanges valid card data during the transaction,then the visual and/or audio cueing indicator may increase inperiodicity and indicators or sound to indicate the transaction iscompleted 1230 and the user is no longer required to maintain RF, IR, orBluetooth IEEE 802.11(b) communication. The ViVOadapter will time-outwithin a specified period 1235 and sequence to the transponder waitstate 1210.

[0096] III. Use of the Adaptor in Conjunction with other Systems

[0097]FIG. 13 shows a simplified descriptive diagram of the ViVOwallet™financial management application. The ViVOwallet application aggregatespersonal financial information and personalcredit/debit/ATM/pre-pay/loyalty/member/ID card information found onTrack #1 and/or Track #2, or additional tracks, of the magnetic stripeof such cards and described by the International Air TransportAssociation (IATA) and the American Banking Association (ABA) andproprietary groups with encoded magnetic domain bit patterns definedupon the magnetic stripe described by the ISO/IEC 7811 magnetic cardconformal specification. These electronic wallet (eWallets) financialmanagement applications represent aspects of one application ofembodiments in accordance with the present invention, i.e. the usage ofcell phones, PDA, and other varieties of personal trusted devices (PTDs)with the ViVOadapter. The ViVOwallet application also provides softwaremeans to communicate with the network based databases, the pay-and-gofeature described herein, and the ViVOadapter described herein. TheViVOwallet welcome screen 1310 identifies the application and requeststhe user to log on with a password for authentication purposes. Inoperation, the screens may be sequenced by the standard buttons found onthe typical PTD and depicts typical selections common to financialmanagement applications which include “select credit/debit/ID/othercard”, “make transaction”, “review transactions”, “review card status”,and such maintenance functions as “synchronize devices” 1315. TheViVOwallet application may be sequenced to select the pay-and-go feature1320 for mutual authentication of the cell phone and PDA type PTD andthe ViVOadapter, card data transaction processing, and digital receiptswithin a secure encrypted session. The user may orient the cell phone IRcommunications component at the ViVOadapter infrared communicationscomponent within a typical distance of 1 millimeter to 3 meters. TheViVOadapter will acknowledge the request and establish inter-devicecommunications, exchange mutual authentication processes, and establisha data encryption key for secure data transmission session when wirelessand infrared network communication is present. The ViVOwalletapplication is provided in an embedded version for use with RF proximitychip cards and typically has no user interface for the maintenance andother functions described above. However, these functions are supportedby the consumer/card issuer/other authorized party PC or networkinterface for the RF proximity chip card. Examples of systems utilizingembodiments of the ViVOwallet financial management application aredescribed in the following patent applications, incorporated byreference herein for all purposes: U.S. nonprovisional patentapplications Ser. Nos. 09/837,115, and 09/875,555, and Ser. No.10______, (Atty. Docket No. 021633-000510US, filed Dec. 18, 2002).

[0098] The ViVOadapter will communicate directly with the RF proximitychip card and embedded ViVOwallet financial aggregation application viaRF inductive coupled medium and the two devices will effect mutualauthentication in a manner transparent to the user depicted in 1330. Theuser will present the RF proximity chip card to the ViVOadapter within adistance typically specified in ISO 14443 type A and type B protocolsand ISO 15693 protocols and for a period of time required to effectmutual authentication, cryptographic routines for key generation anddata security, and transmit typical magnetic domain track data typicalto credit/debit/ATM/pre-pay/loyalty/member/ID magnetic stripe cards. Anadditional data string will be appended. This data string will includepart or all of a unique message transaction code, message digest,digital signatures, device(s) serial number, ViVOtech, Inc. andauthorized third party specific codes, acquirer codes, issuer codes,manufacturer codes, ViVOserver (discussed in FIG. 14 below) specificcodes, and/or other authenticator codes for a unique identification ornon-repudiation scheme determined by ViVOtech, Inc. and authorizedpartners.

[0099] A benefit of direct transfer of card information via the wirelesscarrier/ISP or direct to ViVOadapter is the “card present” associationdefined by the major card issuers. An internet or verbal-based exchangeof card data has higher risk assignment due to card security and willincur higher transaction fees and vendor qualification, in addition topartial responsibility for financial loss by the merchant. A “cardpresent” transaction has lower risk assignment because of standardmethods of user identification available to the merchant. The transferof card data via PTD with ViVOwallet application in a secure processwill use the non-repudiation schemes established by the PTD and wirelesscarrier/ISP services and internet security shell (SSL) protocols.

[0100] A benefit of the wireless network-based PTD with the ViVOwalletapplication is that aggregation of an unlimited number of consumercards, including credit/debit/ATM/pre-pay loyalty/member/ID, can bemaintained on the network-based database server and the PTD for accessby the consumer. This secure data aggregation will reduce card “bulk” inthe consumer's wallet and will also increase security of the datamaintained on existing cards.

[0101] Another benefit of the wireless network-based PTD with theViVOwallet application is the ability to effect financial transactionsvia IR, Short Messaging Service (SMS) protocol and networks, textpaging, fax transmission, and via RF on a device-to-device means or viathe wireless carrier/ISP network.

[0102] Another benefit of this process is the low cost of wirelesscommunication sessions and resultant fees associated with thetransaction costs. The wireless carrier/ISP offers cellular datawireless network transaction typically costs less than 90% of thestandard wired carriers and with the security of transaction processesby “strong” encryption standards that will ensure lower “card present”transaction losses, described herein, because of the non-repudiationprotocols inherent with cell phone and PTD usage with these wirelesscarrier/ISP services.

[0103] An alternate embodiment of the ViVOadapter is the integration ofa cellular transceiver device. This embodiment will enable the user todial the number associated with the ViVOadapter and effect a purchasevia direct PTD to ViVOadapter communications, via the wirelesscarrier/ISP network, or via SMS protocols.

[0104] In still another alternate embodiment, the ViVOadapter may bedirectly connected to the user's PC for use with the typicalcommunications device and media described herein. This alternativeembodiment will enable the user to effect secure transactions via theinternet and using cryptographic protocols described herein. Anadvantage of this configuration is the lower risk of identity fraudassociated with on-line transactions, and the ability to securelyauthenticate the user for non-financial internet transactions and othernetwork-based transactions.

[0105]FIG. 14 is a simplified descriptive diagram of the ViVOserver™data management system. FIG. 14 shows one particular embodiment whichincludes features for the network-based server supportive of theinvention. The ViVOserverTm database management system 1410 isresponsible for communicating and exchanging user and financialinstitutions data via the internet 1415 and for the ViVOwalletapplications in a secure and private process. It may provide card issuerand card transaction clearing house authorizations via cellular/wirelessISP networks for the ViVOadapter configured with the cellular wirelessISP transceiver embodiment described herein. It may also serve as theprimary reference system for pay-and-go transactions and balances forsynchronization processes with PTD and PC based ViVOwallet applicationsand PC based ViVOadapter applications.

[0106] The ViVOserver may perform a number of important function, suchas communicating and exchanging data with wireless PTD, ViVOwalletapplications, and User's financial institutions, and communicating viawireless carrier/ISP and Internet. The ViVOserver may provide theprimary reference system for transactions and balances forsynchronization processes with PTD and the PC-based ViVOwalletapplication. The ViVOserver may generates and/or manages passwords,authentication codes, encryption and cryptography codes, manage PKI,secure communications, and security-related processes. The ViVOservermay provide accounting functions including transaction events, summariesand consolidation, credit card data management, balance transfers,periodic settlement of accounts, and new account additions. TheViVOserver may provide transaction notification to User via SMSmessaging, wireless carrier/ISP networks, text messages, text-to-voicemessages, text-to-email, and text-to-fax messages, in addition tosimilar protocols to be developed in the future. The ViVOserver mayallow user definable notification of special card-related discounts, andprovides easy sign-up process for loyalty and member cards. TheViVOserver may generate and/or manages passwords, authentication codes,encryption codes and keys, and maintains the PKI cryptology. TheViVOserver enables the user to manage multiple card and banking accountsand communicates with internet-based PC systems via the internet 1415,and communicates with the ViVOwallet application via the PTD wirelesscarrier/ISP network 1420. The ViVOserver may communicate with thewireless carrier/ISP networks via a portal/applications programinterface.

[0107] A benefit of the internet-based ViVOserver is that it willaggregate all of the financial and card information provided by the userand will be, upon request by the user, the intermediary for consolidatedpayments and settlements. Further, the sender will be mobile orstationary and not restricted to a specific location. Further, theViVOserver will notify the user of transaction events and will bedirected by the user to render invalid all cards referenced on thedatabase in the event of loss or theft of the user's cards. Notificationcan take the form of at least SMS messaging, text messages,text-to-voice, text-to-e-mail, and text-to-fax.

[0108]FIG. 15 is a component diagram and FIG. 16 is a functional diagramof the physical devices and systems that will be utilized to implementthe present invention that integrates PTD 1620, 1630 with the ViVOwalletfinancial management application, wireless carrier/ISP datacommunications network 1670, internet-based ViVOserver 1650,internet-based user's PC 1640, and the merchant's ViVOadapter 1610modified POS system. The ViVOadapter 1610 may communicate with the RFproximity chip card via inductive coupled RF 14443 type A or type B or15693 protocols, or other type of transceiver, and with the cell phone1620 and personal digital assistant (PDA) 1630 via IR, IEEE 802.11(a)(b)or (g), SMS or the wireless carrier/ISP network 1670. The PTD may alsocommunicate via direct cable with the user's PC 1640 for the ViVOwalletand other electronic wallet synchronization purposes and for securenetwork transactions described herein. The user's PC 1640 maycommunicate via the internet 1680 with the ViVOserver 1650. TheViVOserver may communicate with the Card Issuer/Acquirer 1660 via theinternet 1680 or the cellular/wireless ISP network 1670. The PC basedViVOwallet program may communicate with the ViVOadapter 1610 via theinternet and the wireless carrier/ISP network 1670. The ViVOadapter maytransmit user's card data described herein to the magnetic card swipe orinsert acceptance systems described herein, and may also transmit thedata directly to the user's PTD device as described herein.

[0109] A benefit of this functional design is the potential integrationof RF proximity chip card data communications, IR, and RF transceiverequipment such as IEEE 802.11(a)(b) or (g) and cellular/wireless ISPnetworks and wired networks into a single device that is substantiallypermanently installed in the legacy magnetic stripe POS card acceptancesystems.

[0110] A benefit of this transaction process is the ability of the userto effect a “card-present”financial transaction via near-proximityinfrared or by wireless carrier/ISP networks and without presentation ofthe actual magnetic card. This reduced risk transaction is effected viathe transaction and data management security and authenticationprotocols and procedures enabled by an intelligent transaction device.The “card-present” transaction will result in lower risk assignment bythe card issuers and resultant lower transaction fees and merchantqualification.

[0111] Another benefit of this transaction process is the capability ofthe ViVOadapter to temporarily store/cache the magnetic card dataintroduced to the POS magnetic card reader device and then transmit thisdata to the user's PTD via infrared, 802.11(a)(b) or (g), and RFproximity 14443 type A and B and 15693 media. Of course, mutualauthentication between card data and the user's PTD is required toensure only magnetic card data assigned by the issuer to the user willbe captured and transmitted to the use's PTD via normal securecommunications methods. Alternatively, the captured magnetic card datawill be transmitted via wireless carrier/ISP, SMS, and internet forinstallation into the user's PTD device, or for transactions.

[0112] Another benefit of this transaction process is the aggregation ofthe user's magnetic stripe cards via their PTD and home PC. Thisaggregation will enable greater convenience and greater securityachieved through card data encryption measures and by not transportingthe physical cards.

[0113] Of course, many other configurations of the ViVOadapter enabledequipment are contemplated by the present invention. For example, anyPTD device with wireless network capabilities and an integrated infraredcommunications device will be used with the ViVOwallet application tocommunicate with the ViVOadapter. Further, a user's mobile PC systemwith internet access and integrated infrared device will be used insimilar manner to the PTD, in addition to the ability of the user toeffect a transaction by the ViVOwallet based PC via the internet andwireless carrier/ISP.

[0114] Additionally, the ViVOadapter may be placed on the home/officeuser's PC for online purchases with the RF proximity chip card and PTDIR, RF, Bluetooth 802.11(b) and other communications media describedherein. In this embodiment, the user will present the RF card or PTDwith ViVOwallet application to the ViVOadapter and the secure data willbe transferred to the PC ViVOwallet application for secure transmissionto the internet-based purchaser, thereby effecting a secure transaction.A benefit of this novel application is the greater security of the RFproximity chip card that is more resistant to fraud and tampering thanthe standard magnetic strip credit/debit/ATM/pre-pay/loyalty/member/IDcard. This will result in lower transaction risks and associatedreduction in transaction processing fees.

[0115] Further, PTD-based financial applications exist that are similarto the ViVOwallet financial management application and are capable ofcommunications with the ViVOadapter via the infrared component.

[0116] Alternate applications are also contemplated to implement thetransaction process with the ViVOwallet financial application remotelylocated on the wireless carrier/ISP server and/or the ViVOserver andremotely controlled by the buyer's cell phone or PTD.

[0117] An embodiment of a method for importing information from amagnetic stripe card into a personal trusted device comprises providinga magnetic stripe card reader having a slot and a magnetic head inmagnetic communication with the slot. An adaptor structure is providedhaving a transceiver configured to transmit a signal to a personaltrusted device, a memory in communication with the transceiver, and asimulacrum including an inductor. The simulacrum is disposedsubstantially permanently within the slot such that the inductor isaligned with the magnetic reader head, the simulacrum sufficientlynarrow to allow a magnetic stripe card to access the slot and themagnetic head while the simulacrum is present within the slot. Amagnetic stripe card is swiped through the slot such that information onthe magnetic stripe card is read by at least one of the inductor and themagnetic head. The information is stored in the memory, and theinformation is transmitted from the adaptor to the personal trusteddevice utilizing the transceiver.

[0118] An embodiment of a method for communicating information from onePTD to another comprises providing a magnetic stripe card reader havinga slot and a magnetic head in magnetic communication with the slot. Anadaptor structure is provided comprising a transceiver configured toreceive a first signal from a first personal trusted device and totransmit a second signal to a second personal trusted device, a memoryin communication with the transceiver, and a simulacrum including aninductor. The simulacrum is disposed substantially permanently withinthe slot such that the inductor is aligned with the magnetic readerhead, the simulacrum sufficiently narrow to allow a magnetic stripe cardto access the slot and the magnetic head while the simulacrum is presentwithin the slot. Information is transmitted from the first personaltrusted device to the memory through the transceiver. The information isstored in the memory, and the information is transmitted from the memoryto the second personal trusted device utilizing the transceiver.

[0119] Given the above detailed description of the present invention andthe variety of embodiments described therein, these equivalents andalternatives along with the understood obvious changes and modificationsare intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for importing information from amagnetic stripe card into a personal trusted device, the methodcomprising: providing an adaptor structure comprising, a transceiverconfigured to transmit a signal to a personal trusted device, a memoryin communication with the transceiver, and a simulacrum disposed withina slot of a magnetic stripe card reader and in magnetic communicationwith a magnetic reader head of the magnetic stripe card reader; readinginformation from a magnetic stripe card; storing the information in thememory; and causing the information to be communicated to the personaltrusted device.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the simulacrum isdisposed within the slot to allow the magnetic stripe card to access theslot and the magnetic head, and the information on the magnetic stripecard is read by the magnetic reader head.
 3. The method of claim 1further comprising providing the adapter having a second magnetic readerhead in communication with the memory, and the information on themagnetic stripe card is read by the second magnetic reader head.
 4. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the simulacrum is disposed within the slot toallow the magnetic stripe card to access the slot and the magnetic head,and the information on the magnetic stripe card is read by thesimulacrum.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the information istransmitted from the transceiver to the personal trusted device.
 6. Themethod of claim 5 wherein the information is transmitted from theadaptor to the personal trusted device utilizing a wireless formatselected from the group consisting of IrDa version 2.1 or greater,Consumer IR, ViVOtech proprietary IR, IEEE 802.11(a), IEEE 802.11(b),IEEE 802.11(g) and WiFi standards.
 7. The method of claim 5 wherein theinformation is transmitted from the adaptor to the personal trusteddevice selected from the group consisting of a cellular phone, apersonal digital assistant, an RF proximity chip card, and a mobilepersonal computer having wireless transmission capabilities.
 8. Themethod of claim 5 further comprising: prior to transmitting theinformation to the personal trusted device, transmitting the informationto a remote data repository; and transmitting the information from theadaptor to the personal trusted device in response to an authorizationsignal received from the remote data repository.
 9. The method of claim8 further comprising encrypting the information prior to its transmittalto the personal trusted device, such that the personal trusted devicemay receive a separate message including an encryption key allowingaccess to the information.
 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising:transmitting the information from the adaptor to a remote datarepository; and transmitting data from the adaptor to the personaltrusted device in response to an authorization signal received from theremote data repository.
 11. The method of claim 10 wherein the datacomprises a cryptographic key enabling decryption of a separate messagecontaining the information communicated to the personal trusted device.12. The method of claim 11 wherein the separate message is communicatedfrom the remote data repository directly to a transceiver of thepersonal trusted device.
 13. A method for disabling a magnetic stripecard comprising: providing a magnetic stripe card reader having a slotand a magnetic head in magnetic communication with the slot; providingan adaptor structure comprising, a transceiver configured to transmit asignal to a personal trusted device; a memory in communication with thetransceiver, and a simulacrum including an inductor; disposing thesimulacrum substantially permanently within the slot such that theinductor is aligned with the magnetic reader head, the simulacrumsufficiently narrow to allow a magnetic stripe card to access the slotand the magnetic head while the simulacrum is present within the slot;swiping a magnetic stripe card through the slot such that information onthe magnetic stripe card is read by the magnetic head; communicating theinformation to a remote data repository; receiving from the remote datarepository a signal indicating invalidity of the magnetic stripe card;communicating the signal to the adaptor; and in response to the signal,causing the inductor generate an electromagnetic field of sufficientstrength to alter at least one bit of data stored on a magnetic stripeof the magnetic stripe card.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein theremote data repository is administered by an issuer of the magneticstripe card:
 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the remote datarepository is administered by other than an issuer of the magneticstripe card:
 16. The method of claim 13 wherein the information iscommunicated to the remote data repository through a wired connection ofthe magnetic stripe card reader.
 17. The method of claim 13 wherein theinformation is communicated to the remote data repository through awireless connection.
 18. The method of claim 13 wherein receipt of thesignal from the remote data repository results in an instruction for theuser to reswipe the magnetic card through the slot, whereupon data onthe magnetic stripe is altered.
 19. The method of claim 13 wherein theelectromagnetic field is generated having a strength of at least about2,500 oersteds.
 20. A method for communicating information to a PTD, themethod comprising: providing a magnetic stripe card reader having a slotand a magnetic head in magnetic communication with the slot; providingan adaptor structure comprising, a transceiver configured to receive afirst signal from a source and to transmit a second signal to a personaltrusted device, and a memory in communication with the transceiver,communicating information received at the transceiver from the source tomemory; storing the information in the memory; and transmitting theinformation from the memory to the personal trusted device utilizing thetransceiver.
 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the information istransmitted from the adaptor to the personal trusted device utilizing awireless format selected from the group consisting of IrDa version 2.1or greater, Consumer IR, ViVOtech proprietary IR, IEEE 802.11(a), IEEE802.11(b), IEEE 802.11(g) and WiFi standards.
 22. The method of claim 20wherein the information is communicated to the adaptor from secondpersonal trusted device.
 23. The method of claim 20 wherein theinformation is communicated to the adaptor from a merchant network. 24.The method of claim 20 further comprising: prior to transmitting theinformation to the personal trusted device, transmitting the informationto a remote data repository; and transmitting the information from theadaptor to the personal trusted device in response to an authorizationsignal received from the remote data repository.
 25. The method of claim24 further comprising encrypting the information prior to itstransmittal to the personal trusted device, such that the personaltrusted device may subsequently receive a separate message including anencryption key allowing access to the information.
 26. The method ofclaim 24 wherein the adapter structure further comprises a simulacrumincluding an inductor, the method further comprising: disposing thesimulacrum substantially permanently within the slot such that theinductor is aligned with the magnetic reader head, the simulacrumsufficiently narrow to allow a magnetic stripe card to access the slotand the magnetic head while the simulacrum is present within the slot;and transmitting the information from the memory to the magnetic headthrough the inductor such that the information is communicated to theremote data repository through a wired connection of the magnetic stripecard reader.
 27. The method of claim 24 wherein the information iscommunicated to the remote data repository through a wireless medium.